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Due to insidious onset,rapid progress,poor curative effect and poor prognosis,pancreatic cancer is known as a high degree of malignity.the incidence of pancreatic cancer and its clinical detection rate have increased in recent years,and it has become one of the malignant diseases endangering health of people.Therefore,the authors review and summarize the recent important research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor is a common pancreatic tumor with high heterogeneity and multiple management modalities. A standard and practical staging system for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors will be beneficial to clinical management and research. At present, there are two staging systems (ENETS and AJCC). Both of them have shortcomings which limit their clinical application. In addition, the coexistence of two staging systems is confusing to clinicians. We proposed a modified ENETS staging system by keeping the ENETS TNM definition and adopting the AJCC staging definition. The modified staging system can successfully distinguish patients with different prognosis and is helpful in establishing clinical standard. This study has been published in Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO) and was selected as 2017 Best of JCO: Gastrointestinal edition. This paper was aimed to interpret the modified staging system in clinical practice.
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Objective: To determine whether microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) could be prognostic biomarkers for patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). Methods:With immunohisto-chemical staining, the expressions of MAP2 and MAP1B were examined in 193 and 120 primary tumors and peritumoral tissues, re-spectively. Then, the relationship between the expression of each protein and clinicopathological characteristics, including prognosis was analyzed. Results:MAP2 and MAP1B were expressed in 88 of 193 (45.6%) and 77 of 120 (64.2%) tumors, respectively. The expres-sion of MAP2 was significantly associated with the favorable overall survival of patients with PNETs (P=0.012). Moreover, MAP2 expres-sion was associated with the improved overall survival in a subset of patients with stageⅡand stageⅢtumors (P=0.017). The MAP1B expression did not correlate with other clinicopathological features and prognosis. Conclusion:MAP2 could be a novel, independent prognostcbiomarker for PNETs.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and their relationship with prognosis of colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Medical records of 329 patients with colorectal NEN between June 2001 and July 2016 from 6 large scale centers in China were reviewed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and their relationship with prognosis of colorectal NEN.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Colonic NEN: A total of 41 patients with colonic NEN were enrolled from The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University(n=11), Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (n=15), Guangdong General Hospital (n=10), Sun Yet-san Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (n=3) and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (n=2). 41 cases, including 20 males and 21 females with a mean age of (58.7±4.7) years. Twenty-three colonic NEN originated in hindgut (23/41, 56.1%), and 20 patients were stage IIII( (20/41, 48.8%). Nine cases (22.0%) were neuroendocrine tumor(NET), 25(61.0%) were neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) and 7(17.1%) were mixed adenoendocrine carcinoma (MANEC). Six cases (14.6%) were G1 grade, 3(7.3%) were G2 grade and 32(78.1%) were G3 grade. Ulcerative or cauliflower-like tumors were the most common appearance under endoscopy (both 9/41, 22.0%). Thirty-three patients (80.5%) underwent surgery. During follow-up, 19 cases died and the 3-year survival rate was 46.1%. Multivariate analysis revealed that stage IIII( was an independent risk factor of poor prognosis (HR=3.871, 95%CI:1.342 to 11.167, P=0.012) in colonic NEN patients. (2) Rectal NEN: A total of 288 patients with rectal NEN were enrolled from The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University(n=130), Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University (n=115) and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (n=43). Two hundred and eighty-eight cases, including 181 males and 107 females with a mean age of (47.7±1.5) years. One hundred and ninety-seven patients were stage I((197/288, 68.4%). Of 288 rectal NEN cases, 267(92.7%) were NET, 20(7.0%) were NEC and 1(0.3%) was MANEC; 214(74.3%) were G1 grade, 53(18.4%) were G2 grade and 21(7.3%) were G3 grade. Submucosal tumor was the most common appearance under endoscopy(164/288, 56.9%). Most of the rectal NET G1/G2 tumors were submucosal(146/214, 68.2%;18/53,34.0% respectively) while most of G3 tumors were cauliflower-like (14/21,66.7%). A total of 175 patients (60.8%) underwent endoscopic therapy, while 96 patients(33.3%) underwent surgery. During follow-up, 12 cases died and 3-year survival rate was 94.0%. Multivariate analysis revealed that poor differentiation as NEC or MANEC(HR=8.919, 95% CI:1.911 to 41.637, P=0.005) and stage III( to IIII((HR=10.304, 95%CI:1.772 to 59.916, P=0.009) were independent risk factors of poor prognosis in rectal NEN patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The clinicopathological manifestations of rectal NEN and colonic NEN are quite different. Rectal NEN are more common with better differentiation and has better prognosis than colonic NEN.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoid Tumor , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine , China , Colorectal Neoplasms , Intestinal Neoplasms , Multivariate Analysis , Neuroendocrine Tumors , Prognosis , Rectal Neoplasms , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Survival RateABSTRACT
Background and purpose:Ultrasound is a regular screening method of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPTP). This study was to summarize the diagnostic value of ultrasound to SPTP.Methods:Clinical and ultrasound data of 62 SPTP cases in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Results:Five cases of SPTP were undetected by ultrasound in the group. The features of ultrasound including: large mass located at the body and tail of the pancreas, clear boundary and regular shape, low ultrasound with uneven signal, or low signal mixed with no signal. A few cases have calciifcation and blood signal. Most of the cases presented no dilation of main pancreatic duct and bile duct and regional lymph nodes enlargement. Conclusion:Ultrasound can be used to detect SPTP which has special ultrasound signal features.